Exploring chemical, physical, and biosynthesis methods for ZnO/SiO2: Synthesis strategies and applications
Fellia Rizar Syahnur, Muhamad Diki Permana, Rifky Adhia Pratama, Yusi Deawati, M. Lutfi Firdaus, Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy, Iman Rahayu
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113659
Abstract
ZnO/SiO2 composites have emerged as highly promising materials due to their exceptional properties, including high conductivity, thermal stability, and superior optical performance. This review marks the first comprehensive analysis of three primary synthesis approaches—chemical, physical, and biosynthesis methods—highlighting their strengths and limitations. A detailed comparison is provided, focusing on how key parameters, such as pH, temperature, and ZnO/SiO2 composition ratio, critically influence the size, morphology, and structural properties of the composites. The review identifies significant opportunities for optimizing synthesis processes to achieve desired functionalities. Moreover, the study examines the composites’ potential applications, emphasizing photocatalysis for environmental remediation, enhanced oil recovery processes, and antibacterial activity for biomedical purposes. By offering an in-depth understanding of synthesis strategies and critical parameters, this review is a foundational guide for future research and industrial advancements in developing high-performance ZnO/SiO2 composites.
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