Advances in molecularly imprinted polymers with catalytic activity for healthcare and environmental application

Putra Rafli Ramdani, Irkham, Irwan Kurnia, Adisyahputra, Wulan Khaerani, Launa Silky Karenindra Rokhmat, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2025.102800 

Abstract

Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is widely used to create selective binding sites for target molecules, with applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and environmental analysis. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials engineered to adsorb and recognize target molecules through specific recognition sites. Although MIPs offer customized affinity for target compounds, challenges such as cross-reactivity and matrix interference in complex real samples remain limiting factors. Recent advancements aim to enhance the functionality of MIPs by introducing catalytic activity through the incorporation of metal ions, which enables the detection of non-electroactive compounds such as biomarkers and pollutants. Inspired by the catalytic behavior of natural enzymes, these Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Catalytic Activity (MIPCs) aim to reduce the activation energy barrier in chemical reactions. Designed using transition state theory, MIPCs stabilize certain intermediate species to improve catalytic efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MIPCs, discussing their definition, pre-polymerization strategies, and characterization. The review also discusses the important components in the synthesis of MIPCs, especially the role and type of catalyst. Various synthesis methods are explored along with applications in the health and environmental fields. Although MIPCs are a promising development in MIPs research, this review also discusses the current limitations and future research directions needed to improve their applicability. Sustained research is essential to overcome existing challenges and unlock the full potential of these hybrid materials for sustainable and efficient catalytic systems.

 

Keywords:

MIPs; MIPCs; Catalyst; Health; Environment