The Steroids produced by Cladosporium anthropophilum, an endophytic fungus Isolated from Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh and Their Antibacterial Activity

Yeni Mulyani, Al Arofatus Naini, Kindi Farabi, Fajar Fauzi Abdullah, Wahyu Safriansyah, Siska Elisahbet Sinaga, Azmi Azhari, Sari Purbaya, Asri Peni Wulandari, Sofa Fajriah, Yoshihito Shiono, Unang Supratman
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8498

Abstract

This work was conducted to isolate the steroid compounds from an endophytic fungus Cladosporium anthropophilum and determine their effects against 4 strains of bacteria. The fungi were afforded from a mangrove plant Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh of Acanthaceae family, growing in West Java, Indonesia. The fermentation and isolation of C. anthropophilum yielded 3 ergostane-type steroids including a highly oxidized one, identified as penicisteroid A (1), ergosterol (2), and ergosterol-5,8-peroxide (3), together with 2 stigmastanes, characterized as stigmasterol (4), and stigmasterol-5,8-peroxide (5). The elucidation structure of all isolated steroids was performed by extensive spectroscopic measurements (MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and supported by a comparison of previously reported spectral data. Subsequently, the potential of the 5 steroids as well as methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated against 2 Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and 2 Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio harveyi ATCC 5339 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The results showed that none of the isolated steroids were active, while the 3 extracts exhibited significant inhibition against all the tested bacteria’s growth and enabled us to propose the synergistic effects between active compounds in these extracts and their antibacterial activity.

Keywords:

Steroid; Endophytic fungi; Cladosporium anthropophilum; Avicennia marina; Antibacterial activity